The Search for Solutions

“Chemsex,” the use of psychoactive drugs to enhance sex, is a recognized public health concern due to its association with increased risks of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

In response, a range of programs, from counseling to medication, have been developed to address these risks. The common assumption is that the primary goal of these programs is to help individuals reduce or stop the drug use associated with chemsex.

However, a major new systematic review and meta-analysis that synthesized the results of 12 different studies challenges this assumption, revealing a more nuanced and surprising picture of what “success” actually looks like in this area. 

Takeaway #1: Chemsex Interventions Target a Specific Risk, Not the Drug Use Itself 

The single most effective outcome identified by the review was a clear and significant victory for public health: bio-behavioral interventions were found to substantially decrease the number of episodes of unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) with serodiscordant partners, or partners with a different HIV status, a result so strong it was highly statistically significant (p<0.001). 

However, in what may be the most counter-intuitive finding, the review also concluded that the interventions did not lead to a reduction in the use of psychoactive substances during sexual activities.

This is a significant finding because it reframes the goal of these interventions from one of drug abstinence to one of harm reduction. The data shows that the programs are succeeding at reducing a primary risk factor for HIV transmission, even if they don’t stop the underlying drug use itself.

They are making a high-risk behavior safer. 

Bio-behavioral chemsex interventions reduce the risk of UAI with serodiscordant partners, a high-risk factor for HIV seroconversion. 

Takeaway #2: The Evidence is Narrower and More Fragile Than It Appears 

While the primary finding is promising, the review also reveals critical limitations in the current body of research, suggesting the evidence is not as robust as it might seem. 

• Geographic Bias: All 12 studies included in the meta-analysis were conducted in the USA. This raises what the review calls “concerns regarding the generalisability of these findings to other countries” in Europe, Asia, and Australia where chemsex is also practiced.
• Drug-Specific Focus: Chemsex is known to involve several drugs, including mephedrone and GHB/GBL. Yet, 11 of the 12 studies focused exclusively on methamphetamine use. The review notes this highlights a “dearth of research” for interventions targeting other relevant substances.
• Risk of Bias: The quality of the evidence is a concern. The majority of the studies (67%) were rated as having a “high risk of overall bias.” Key issues included a reliance on participants self-reporting their behaviors and high drop-out rates, which tempers confidence in the overall conclusions. 

---

Are you exploring your trauma? Do you feel your childhood experiences were detrimental to your current mental or physical health? Utilize this free, validated, self-report questionnaire to find out.

Take the Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) Questionnaire

---

Takeaway #3: Beyond a Single HIV Risk Factor, the Benefits Remain Unclear 

While the interventions successfully reduced UAI with serodiscordant partners, their impact on other risky behaviors was more ambiguous.

The review found that interventions led to a decrease in the total number of sexual partners and the number of partners with whom UAI occurred, but these reductions were not large enough to be statistically significant.

Specifically, the review could not establish a statistically significant link between the interventions and outcomes such as the total number of sexual partners, the number of partners where UAI took place, the overall number of episodes of UAI, or the frequency of sex involving substance use.

This finding does not mean the interventions are failures. Rather, it suggests they are highly targeted in their effect, acting on one very specific, high-stakes behavior rather than serving as a “magic bullet” for all behaviors associated with chemsex. 

Conclusion: Reframing the Success of Chemsex Interventions

This comprehensive review sends a clear message: chemsex interventions show tangible promise for reducing a critical HIV risk behavior, even if they don’t reduce drug use itself.

At the same time, the scientific evidence supporting these interventions has significant gaps, including a narrow geographic and substance focus and a high risk of bias in the underlying studies. The review presents a paradox: the most successful interventions are the ones that ignore the most obvious target: drug use and, instead, focus on mitigating its most dangerous consequences. 

As we move forward, should the goal of public health be focused less on abstinence and more on providing tools that demonstrably make risky behaviors safer?

Are you a professional looking to stay up-to-date with the latest information on, sex addiction, trauma, and mental health news and research? Or maybe you’re looking for continuing education courses? stay up-to-date with all of Dr. Jen’s work through her practice’s newsletter!

---

Are you a Licensed Professional Counselor seeking engaging, unique Continuing Education courses? Dr. Weeks offers accredited courses on her practice website on the effects of Pornography Abstinence and other unique topics!

Do you feel your sexual behavior, or that of someone you love, is out of control? Consult with a professional.

Are you looking for more reputable, data-backed information on sexual addiction? The Mitigation Aide Research Archive is an excellent source for executive summaries of research studies.

The post Chemsex Interventions Succeed by Not Targeting Drug Use first appeared on Dr. Jen's Recovery Readings.

Food Addiction: The “Addiction” We All Talk About

Many of us have joked about being “addicted” to ice cream or chips, describing an intense craving that feels impossible to resist. This common experience is at the heart of a serious scientific debate: Is Food Addiction (FA) a genuine addiction, similar to substance addiction? 

The conversation has grown more complex as modern definitions of addiction have expanded.

Influential bodies like the American Society of Addiction Medicine no longer require the ingestion of a psychoactive substance for something to be considered an addiction. Similarly, behavioral addictions like gambling disorder are now formally recognized. This has intensified the scientific inquiry into whether addictive-like eating fits the same mold. 

To find answers, a recent longitudinal study looked at the role of emotion regulation, how we handle our feelings, to compare food addiction and substance misuse.

The findings were surprising, revealing critical differences in the emotional pathways that drive these behaviors. This article breaks down the three most impactful takeaways that challenge what we think we know about food addiction.

1. The Counter-Intuitive Role of Positive Emotions in Food Addiction

Takeaway 1: Acting on a Good Mood Predicts Substance Misuse, But Deters Food Addiction.

One of the study’s most unexpected findings relates to “positive urgency.” It’s described as a psychological trait. One defined as the tendency to act impulsively when experiencing strong positive emotions, like feeling overjoyed or extremely happy.

The research, which tracked women over six months, found a striking divergence.

A one-unit increase in a person’s positive urgency score was associated with: 

• A 100% to 200% increase in the odds of future alcohol or drug-related problems. 
• A 50% decrease in the odds of future food addiction. 

Why would feeling good lead to such different outcomes?

The researchers suggest it comes down to the reinforcing power of the substance or behavior.

Individuals high in positive urgency may seek to amplify or extend their good feelings, and psychoactive substances are far more effective at this than food.

The study’s authors explain: Women with greater positive urgency may tend to select psychoactive substances such as alcohol or drugs that can more effectively amplify or prolong their positive feelings, rather than food. Food’s effects are less potent and thus less reinforcing than psychoactive substances. 

This discovery is significant because it highlights a fundamental difference in the emotional triggers for food addiction versus substance misuse.

While a good mood might increase the risk for substance misuse, it appears to have the opposite effect on addictive-like eating.

---

Licensed Professional Counselors, do you need continuing education hours?

Look no further!

If you find this article interesting, Dr. Weeks’ course Sexual Education and Porn Use in Women, and her other unique courses, will engage and educate!

---

2. How We Judge Our Feelings Matter… But Differently

Takeaway 2: Not Accepting Your Negative Emotions Has Opposite Effects on Food Addiction vs. Alcohol-Related Problems

Another key aspect of emotion regulation is the “non-acceptance of one’s negative emotions.”

This is the tendency to have self-critical or judgmental reactions like shame, guilt, or frustration to your own distressing feelings. 

Here again, the study found that this trait was linked to food addiction and alcohol-related problems in opposite ways: 

• Non-acceptance was associated with more severe food addiction symptoms.
• Non-acceptance was associated with less severe alcohol-related problems.

The researchers hypothesize that this difference may be rooted in social stigma.

Women who feel ashamed of their negative emotions might turn to food as a coping mechanism because overeating is often viewed as less stigmatized than alcohol misuse.

The study references other research showing that the label “food addict” is perceived as less shameful than “substance or alcohol addiction.” This suggests that societal norms and the fear of judgment can profoundly shape which coping behaviors we adopt.

3. The Complicated Truth About Negative Moods and Food Addiction

Takeaway 3: The Link Between Bad Moods and Bingeing Isn’t a Simple One

The idea that we eat to soothe bad feelings, often called “emotional eating,” is a popular one. This is related to the concept of “negative urgency,” or the tendency to act impulsively when experiencing strong negative emotions. 

At first glance, the study’s data seemed to support this common belief.

When looking at a single point in time, the researchers found that negative urgency was a common link between both food addiction and substance misuse. 

However, when they analyzed the data over time in a more sophisticated multivariate model, the picture changed dramatically.

After controlling for other emotion-regulation factors, negative urgency was not a significant predictor of future food addiction or substance misuse problems. 

This doesn’t mean bad moods are irrelevant.

Rather, it suggests that negative urgency might be a “fellow traveler.” It’s present alongside the true driver, but not in the driver’s seat itself.

When the researchers statistically controlled for the powerful effect of positive urgency, the predictive signal from negative urgency faded away. This finding challenges the simple narrative that “feeling bad leads to addiction” and reveals that, over the long term, other emotional factors are far more influential.

Conclusion: A Different Kind of Struggle

While food addiction and substance addiction share surface-level similarities like cravings and loss of control, this new research paints a picture of two surprisingly different psychological profiles.

One is characterized by impulsivity in good times, which predicts substance misuse, while the other is marked by self-judgment in bad times, which predicts addictive-like eating.

This challenges the one-size-fits-all model of addiction. 

The study’s overall conclusion is clear: “These findings suggest that FA [Food Addiction] is not associated with the same key deficits in emotion regulation as SA [Substance Addiction].” 

This leaves us with a critical question to consider:

If the emotional drivers for food addiction and substance addiction are so different, does this mean we need to rethink how we talk about, prevent, and treat addictive-like eating? 

---

Are you exploring your trauma? Do you feel your childhood experiences were detrimental to your current mental or physical health? Utilize this free, validated, self-report questionnaire to find out.

Take the Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) Questionnaire

Are you a professional looking to stay up-to-date with the latest information on, sex addiction, trauma, and mental health news and research? Or maybe you’re looking for continuing education courses?

Stay up-to-date with all of Dr. Jen’s work through her practice’s newsletter!

Have you found yourself in legal trouble due to your sexual behavior? Seek assistance before the court mandates it, with Sexual Addiction Treatment Services.

Are you looking for more reputable, data-backed information on sexual addiction? The Mitigation Aide Research Archive is an excellent source for executive summaries of research studies.

The post Is Food Addiction Real? Just in Time for Thanksgiving! first appeared on Dr. Jen's Recovery Readings.

We often think of addiction as a private, grueling battle of willpower.

Whether it’s a dependency on a substance, a behavior like gambling, or even an unhealthy pattern in a relationship, the prevailing narrative suggests that breaking free is a matter of pure, individual strength.

If you just try hard enough, you can overcome it. If you fail, it’s a personal failing. 

But what if this framework is fundamentally flawed? A recent, year-long study offers a more structured, hopeful, and evidence-based path to recovery.

Researchers applied a specific form of therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), to individuals struggling with a range of addictions and discovered that the right tools can do more than just help people cope; they can fundamentally transform their lives.

This year-long study is particularly significant because it was conducted in Kazakhstan, a region where evidence-based psychotherapy is still emerging and social stigma can be a major barrier to recovery. 

This article distills the four most impactful takeaways from this groundbreaking research. It reveals how a systematic therapeutic approach can lead to profound, measurable life changes, challenging the myth that recovery is simply a matter of gritting your teeth and pushing through. 

Lesson 1: The Change to Isn’t Small, It’s Transformative

While we might expect therapy to offer some benefit, the sheer magnitude of improvement seen in this study was extraordinary.

Participants who received Cognitive Behavioral Therapy didn’t just get slightly better; they experienced a dramatic and measurable enhancement in their overall well-being. 

The study used the World Health Organization’s Quality of Life scale (WHOQOL-BREF), which measures well-being across four key areas. The results were staggering.

On average, the experimental groups saw their quality of life scores jump from the low 40s to the mid-70s on a 100-point scale. To put that in concrete terms, participants with alcohol use disorder went from an average score of 42.31 before therapy to 74.47 after one year.

This isn’t just a number on a chart; it represents a profound shift from a life constrained by addiction to one filled with new possibilities and well-being. 

Meanwhile, the control groups, those who did not receive CBT, saw no meaningful improvement in their quality of life, with their average scores remaining essentially unchanged.

This powerful contrast repositions recovery as a genuine opportunity to build a measurably better and more satisfying life.

It’s about building a life so full and satisfying that the addiction no longer has room to thrive. 

---

Are you exploring your trauma? Do you feel your childhood experiences were detrimental to your current mental or physical health? Utilize this free, validated, self-report questionnaire to find out.

Take the Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) Questionnaire

---

Beyond Willpower Lesson 2: The Same Tools Can Fix Different Problems

One of the most compelling aspects of the study was its breadth.

Researchers applied the same core therapeutic model, CBT, to four very different challenges:

• Alcohol use disorder
• Drug addiction
• Gambling disorder
• Codependency

The key finding was that CBT was highly effective across the board. 

For every single group that received therapy, there was a statistically significant reduction in the severity of their addiction. The data paints a clear picture of this versatility: 

• For drug addiction, the experimental group’s average severity score dropped from 7.96 (signifying harmful use) down to 3.14 (representing low-risk or minimal use). 
• For gambling disorder, the average severity score plummeted from a “severe” 39.55 to a “mild or moderate” 14.36. 

This suggests that no matter the substance or behavior, the underlying challenge is often the same: learning to recognize triggers, challenge automatic negative thoughts, and develop new, healthier coping strategies.

CBT provides a toolkit for rewiring these exact processes, effectively helping people move from a place of denial or ambivalence into decisive action and long-term maintenance. 

---

Do you have enough hours for your LPC renewal? Are you in need of continuing education, but bored with the current offerings? Check out Dr. Weeks’ course on Cannabis Use Disorder, and other unique courses on her practice website.

Sexual Addiction Treatment Services has been approved by NBCC as an Approved Continuing Education Provider, ACEP No. 7250. Programs that do not qualify for NBCC credit are clearly identified. Sexual Addiction Treatment Services is solely responsible for all aspects of the programs.

---

Lesson 3: Codependency Isn’t Just a “Relationship Problem.” It’s Treatable.

The study took the significant step of including codependency, an excessive emotional or psychological dependence on a partner, often linked to that partner’s addiction, alongside clinical addictions. While codependency is not formally classified as a standalone diagnosis in major manuals like the DSM-5-TR, the researchers recognized it as a clinically significant phenomenon that is actively addressed in rehabilitation. 

The results were a powerful validation of this approach.

The experimental group for codependency saw their average severity scores drop from a “high level” of 69.12 to a “moderate or low level” of 31.44. The control group, in stark contrast, showed no significant change.

For anyone who has felt trapped in a dynamic of supporting someone else’s addiction at the expense of their own well-being, this finding is a beacon of hope. 

This is a crucial takeaway.

It frames the struggle of codependency not as a character flaw or an intractable relationship dynamic, but as a treatable condition. It offers empowerment and a clear path toward building greater independence, self-esteem, and healthier relationship dynamics. 

Beyond Willpower Lesson 4: Recovery Isn’t Just Stopping, It’s a Total Life Upgrade

The study’s design was brilliant in its simplicity: it measured success in two ways. It tracked the reduction of the negative (addiction severity) and the increase of the positive (overall quality of life). The results showed that these two things are deeply intertwined. 

The “quality of life” assessment wasn’t a vague feeling of happiness; it was a concrete evaluation of four essential domains of life: 

• Physical Health: Including energy and fatigue, quality of sleep, and even physical mobility. 
• Psychological Health: Covering everything from positive feelings and self-esteem to the ability to concentrate and learn new things. 
• Social Relationships: Examining the quality of personal relationships, the strength of social support networks, and even sexual activity. 
• Environment: Looking at practical, real-world factors like financial security, physical safety, the comfort of one’s home, and access to healthcare. 

The participants who underwent CBT saw significant improvements across all of these areas. This demonstrates that effective treatment doesn’t just happen in a therapist’s office. It radiates outward, improving every facet of a person’s existence.

True recovery, as this study shows, is about building a life that is so robust and fulfilling that the old addictive behaviors no longer hold the same power or appeal. 

Conclusion: A New Framework for Change

The findings from this study in Kazakhstan provide a powerful, evidence-based roadmap for recovery that moves far beyond the limited concept of willpower.

It shows that addiction, in its many forms, is not a moral failing but a condition that responds remarkably well to structured, compassionate, and science-backed intervention. 

By focusing on cognitive and behavioral strategies, individuals can achieve not just abstinence, but a transformative and holistic improvement in their lives. The tools exist, the evidence is clear, and the potential for change is immense.

This research leaves us with a vital question to consider: 

If we can treat these complex issues so effectively, what does that change about how we should approach mental health and personal growth in our own lives? 

Are you a professional looking to stay up-to-date with the latest information on, sex addiction, trauma, and mental health news and research? Or maybe you’re looking for continuing education courses? stay up-to-date with all of Dr. Jen’s work through her practice’s newsletter!

Do you feel your sexual behavior, or that of someone you love, is out of control? consult with a professional.

Are you looking for more reputable, data-backed information on sexual addiction? The Mitigation Aide Research Archive is an excellent source for executive summaries of research studies.

The post Beyond Willpower in Addiction: 4 Powerful Lessons first appeared on Dr. Jen's Recovery Readings.

More Than a Buzz, According to a Major New Study

As cannabis continues to be legalized for recreational and medical use across North America, public debate often centers on its benefits, risks, and social implications. This has become a public health priority. It’s sparking discussions about everything from tax revenue to addiction potential. Lost in the noise, however, is a more nuanced and critical question: what are the lasting, residual effects on the brain not just from using cannabis, but from developing a Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD)? 

For years, research has been muddled by controversy. Some studies suggest significant cognitive decline. Others finding only minimal effects.

A major reason for this confusion is many studies lump together recreational users with those who have a clinical disorder. A new, large-scale meta-analysis published in the journal Addictive Behaviors cuts through this ambiguity by focusing specifically on individuals diagnosed with CUD. 

This article distills the four most important takeaways from this major review. Here’s some clear, evidence-based answers on how Cannabis Use Disorder leaves a measurable mark on our cognitive abilities.

1. Cannabis Use Disorder Isn’t Just a Label—It’s a Critical Distinction 

Much of the confusion around cannabis’s long-term cognitive effects comes from studies that don’t distinguish between recreational use and a clinical disorder. This new meta-analysis makes that distinction its central focus, and the results are revealing. 

The core finding is that while recreational use may be associated with minimal or small deficits, Cannabis Use Disorder is linked to clear, moderate cognitive impairments.

The researchers draw a parallel to alcohol consumption. The cognitive impact seen in individuals with alcohol use disorder is significantly larger than what is observed in those who drink recreationally. 

This distinction is the key that unlocks the rest of the study’s findings. Now that we’ve isolated the CUD population, the next question is: what exactly does this impairment look like? 

---

Do you have enough hours for your LPC renewal? Are you in need of continuing education, but bored with the current offerings? Check out Dr. Weeks’ course on Cannabis Use Disorder, and other unique courses on her practice website.

Sexual Addiction Treatment Services has been approved by NBCC as an Approved Continuing Education Provider, ACEP No. 7250. Programs that do not qualify for NBCC credit are clearly identified. Sexual Addiction Treatment Services is solely responsible for all aspects of the programs.

---

2. The Damage Is Specific, Not Widespread

The cognitive impact of CUD isn’t a blunt, uniform fog across the entire brain. Instead, the meta-analysis shows that the impairments are concentrated in specific domains. The study found “small-to-moderate” impairments across several areas, with the largest deficits observed in five key domains: 

• IQ: The most significant deficit found. It reflects a moderate impairment in overall cognitive reasoning and problem-solving abilities. 
• Verbal Learning: The ability to learn and absorb new information presented through words. It manifests as an impairment making it harder to retain material from a lecture or meeting. 
• Verbal Memory: The capacity to recall that learned verbal information later. A deficit can manifest as struggling to remember conversations or key details from something you’ve read. 
• Working Memory: The mental “scratchpad” used for holding and manipulating information for short-term tasks. Impairment here makes it harder to follow multi-step instructions or perform mental calculations. 
• Speed of Processing: How quickly you can perceive, process, and respond to information. A deficit can slow down reaction times and the ability to keep up in fast-paced conversations or environments.

To emphasize this specificity, the study also identified the cognitive domains that were least affected.

Among them were attention and verbal fluency; the ability to retrieve words from your mind. This targeted impact suggests a more complex mechanism than simple, widespread damage.

3. The Impact of Cannabis Use Disorder Is Comparable to “Harder” Drugs

In a finding that challenges longstanding public perception, the study reveals how the cognitive deficits from CUD stack up against those from other substance use disorders.

The research shows that the magnitude of the impairments in verbal memory and working memory for individuals with CUD is in a similar range to the deficits seen in people with alcohol, cocaine, and methamphetamine use disorders. 

However, a critical distinction adds another layer of complexity.

One important difference is that CUD is associated with less diffuse cognitive deficits. While the depth of impairment in those specific memory-related areas is comparable to other substance use disorders, the overall breadth of cognitive damage appears to be narrower. 

This directly challenges the common perception of cannabis as a relatively benign substance. Especially when its use escalates to the level of a disorder. The researchers highlight the importance of this finding for how the scientific and medical communities view the substance. 

“The similitude of findings between substances confirms the importance of paying attention to individuals with a CUD when studying the residual cognitive effects of cannabis.”

---

Are you exploring your trauma? Do you feel your childhood experiences were detrimental to your current mental or physical health? Utilize this free, validated, self-report questionnaire to find out.

Take the Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) Questionnaire

---

4. It Presents a Surprising Scientific Mystery

The targeted nature of these cognitive deficits presents a fascinating paradox for neuroscientists.

The primary psychoactive compound in cannabis, Δ9-THC, acts on the brain’s CB1 receptors. From a biological standpoint, this is significant because, as the paper notes, CB1 receptors are “among the most abundant throughout the brain.” 

Based on that fact, scientists would expect that chronic, heavy cannabis use would cause diffuse, widespread cognitive effects across many domains.

Yet, as this meta-analysis confirms, the effects are actually quite specific.

This discrepancy suggests the full story is more complex than we currently understand. The authors propose this paradox “indirectly suggests that other cannabinoid receptors than CB1 receptors are mediating the cognitive effects of cannabis,” pointing toward an important new direction for future research.

Conclusion: A Sobering Reminder in the Age of Legalization

This comprehensive meta-analysis sends a clear message: Cannabis Use Disorder is not a trivial condition.

It is linked to real, measurable, and moderate cognitive deficits in crucial areas like memory, processing speed, and overall IQ.

Furthermore, these deficits are not insignificant when compared to those associated with other well-known substance use disorders. 

The study’s authors point to a pressing public health concern, noting that “the perceived risk associated with regular cannabis use has been declining in youths since the legalization of the substance.”

While the policy debates will surely continue, this research provides a sobering reminder that the conversation must include a clear-eyed view of the consequences that arise when use crosses the line into a disorder. 

As the perception of risk declines, the critical public health challenge becomes clear: how do we effectively communicate the line between casual use and the measurable cognitive costs of a disorder?

Are you a professional looking to stay up-to-date with the latest information on, sex addiction, trauma, and mental health news and research? Or maybe you’re looking for continuing education courses? stay up-to-date with all of Dr. Jen’s work through her practice’s newsletter!

Are you looking for more reputable, data-backed information on sexual addiction? The Mitigation Aide Research Archive is an excellent source for executive summaries of research studies.

The post 4 Surprising Ways Cannabis Use Disorder Impacts the Brain first appeared on Dr. Jen's Recovery Readings.

I had the pleasure of hearing Dr. Fawcett give a presentation on Sex Under the Influence at the 2023 IITAP conference. 

This post contains affiliate links. The author or blog owner may earn a commission if you make a purchase using these links.

It was one of the more enjoyable discussions I caught while at the conference. He has a vast amount of experience working with dual chemical and sexual addictions. He is very clearly passionate about helping people work through these issues. 

So, when he published a book on the subject, I was eager to read it.   

Sex Under the Influence is aimed at Individuals

While this book’s target audience is individuals who are struggling with sexualized drug use, it will also be useful to clinicians who are not as familiar with the pairing of sex and drugs in a compulsive manner. 

---

Do you believe your sexual behaviors are compulsive or harmful to you or others? Then you should take the CSBD-19 free, validated self-assessment tool.

---

The first chapter does a nice job with the following points:

• What sexualized drug use is
• How people use sex and drugs together and why
• The biology of the addictive process and the consequences when pairing sex and drugs gets out of hand

Chapter 2 is either a nice primer or recap about what addiction is and how it can be experienced by people. 

Chapter 3 looks at addictive behaviors in a variety of demographic groups. 

I really enjoyed this chapter. It did something few books on addiction do: it discussed what addiction can look like for men, women, and transgender individuals. 

We know from the scientific literature that men and women experience addiction differently both socially and biologically. Dr. Fawcett also discussed how addiction may differ based on one’s sexual orientation. 

An entire chapter looking at the diversity of the addictive process was appreciated.  

Recovery Tools from Sex Under the Influence

Starting in Chapter 5, the book provides tools and information for recovery. For clinician’s reading this book, particularly those who are trained in treating problematic sexual behavior, a lot of this work will be familiar. 

For people struggling with addiction who are thinking about or entering into recovery, the second half of the book provides valuable tools such as:

• The three-circle exercise
• Emotion regulations tools
• Relapse prevention planning

Subsequent chapters delve into the long-term process of recovery. It implicitly and explicitly acknowledges this is a long-term or lifelong process. 

Recovery, particularly from issues with sexuality, require us to deepen connections. It requires us to delve into intimacy and our own sexuality.   

Are you a professional looking to stay up-to-date with the latest information on, sex addiction, trauma, and mental health news and research? Or maybe you’re looking for continuing education courses?

Stay up-to-date with all of Dr. Jen’s work through her practice’s newsletter!

My Favorite Part

One of the things I particularly like about Sex Under the Influence is the author’s discussion of harm reduction. 

So often, recovery is seen as an abstinence-only model and harm reduction is not discussed. 

Abstinence-only models can drive away those thinking about recovery but feel full abstinence is impossible. 

Additionally, abstinence-only models often are not realistic for problematic sexual behavior. Sexuality is part of who we are as humans. 

The author spends a chapter discussing harm reduction and how it can be applied to sexualized drug use.

This post contains affiliate links. The author or blog owner may earn a commission if you make a purchase using these links.

Do you feel your sexual behavior, or that of someone you love, is out of control? Consult with a professional.

Have you found yourself in legal trouble due to your sexual behavior? Seek assistance before the court mandates it, with Sexual Addiction Treatment Services.

The post Book Review: Sex Under the Influence first appeared on Dr. Jen's Recovery Readings.

This article, in conjunction with the others, in Using Superheroes and Villains in Counseling and Play Therapy by Lawrence C. Rubin, has a useful analysis of why the utilization of superheroes and villains could be beneficial in addiction treatment. Essentially, it is Narrative Therapy, which Smith & Kirby eloquently preface their modality of SUD Superhero and Supervillain Activity with (p.136).

This post contains affiliate links. The author or blog owner may earn a commission if you make a purchase using these links.

What is Narrative Therapy?

Narrative therapy helps the client retell their story from an objective lens, in a way which gives the client the power, reflection and conviction of their own story.

The use of Narrative therapy is very insightful, both for the therapist and the client. The therapist walks with the client recreating their story of self-proclaimed weaknesses to strength.

Narrative therapy helps the client retell their story from an objective lens, in a way which gives the client the power, reflection and conviction of their own story. They no longer giving society the power to tell them who they are before or interim of sobriety and recovery.

Are you a professional looking to stay up-to-date with the latest information on, sex addiction, trauma, and mental health news and research? Or maybe you’re looking for continuing education courses?

Stay up-to-date with all of Dr. Jen’s work through her practice’s newsletter!

Using Superheroes and Villains in Narrative Therapy

The struggles of supervillain and superheroes give us a sense that they have humanistic attributes like us. This makes them relatable especially under the guise of a metaphor in their lives. Once the client can personify their addiction and not internalize it, the power becomes displaced. Therefore, making the addiction an extension outside of self. Making a more realistic entity to contend with.

This exercise supplies a detailed orientation of how to create the superhero and villain for the client in nine sections.

The nine sections are as follows (p. 138):

• Basic Information (gender, age and race)
• Physical Appearance
• Unique Features
• Weapons
• Gadgets and Vehicles
• Partners, sidekicks/henchmen
• Powers
• Weaknesses
• Motivation and Symbol

Do you believe you have an online pornography addiction? Take the free Cyber Pornography Addiction Test (CYPAT) and have the results to speak with your therapist.

The Exercise

This exercise could be utilized with clients that work well with Narrative Therapy or have an interest in entertaining the idea of a superhero and supervillain with in themselves.

What follows the exercise is a case example of a client that utilized the mentioned activity. Which gives some context on how this exercise is used and the result of the exercise.

Alternative uses of this Narrative Therapy style could be used. For example, from other films and stories. The only issue there is if the client knows of that film or story in order to develop meaning and understanding. But a film or story that the client does not know, could easily become a suggestion for discussion for the next session.

Eli Irving specializes in working with adolescents with Problematic Sexual Behavior at SATS.

Guest Post by Elijah Irving

This post contains affiliate links. The author or blog owner may earn a commission if you make a purchase using these links.

Do you feel your sexual behavior, or that of someone you love, is out of control? Consult with a professional.

Are you looking for more reputable, data-backed information on sexual addiction? The Mitigation Aide Research Archive is an excellent source for executive summaries of research studies.

For an in-depth guide on talking to your adolescents about cybersex and pornography, check out Dr. Jen’s book. Amazon | BookBaby

The post A Review: Superheroes and Villains in the Treatment of Substance Abuse Disorders first appeared on Dr. Jen's Recovery Readings.

I have been an addiction therapist for approximately thirteen years.  While for some professions that may not seem like a long time, for a substance abuse professional, thirteen years in the trenches is a very long time. It is thirteen years of being underpaid, overworked, and underfunded.  It is also thirteen years of working with lost and often traumatized souls who may never ever get better.  Thirteen years as a substance abuse professional can make you weary.  However, you don’t end up in this profession and last for any length of time unless it is a calling.

Unless you are completely cut off from the outside world, you have seen many a news article lately about what is being called the heroin or opiate epidemic.  The apparent meteoric rise of addiction problems due to a prescription pill problem that for many turns into a heroin problem.  In March of 2016, the Centers for Disease Control issued new guidelines for doctors who prescribe opioids for chronic pain.  In 2015, hydrocodone combination products were moved to a Schedule II drug classification, indicating their highly addictive potential.  These changes were made in the hope of curbing the opiate addiction problem in our country, but with little effect.

This blog is not meant to be a discussion of anything related to why the situation continues to decline or what to do about it now.  What I want to talk about is prevention.  Most resources, even good resources like www.PASTOP.org, spend most of their page space talking about prescribing, what to do with unused medication, overdose and treatment information.  While all of this is very useful information, it is what I would call secondary prevention.  This is prevention of use by teens or adults, frequently who are prescribed medication initially by a doctor for a legitimate medical issue.  What is missing from the big picture of this prevention discussion is childhood.

Earlier this year, I finished reading both Dr. Gabor Mate’s, In the Realm of Hungry Ghosts and Dr. Bessel van der Kolk’s, The Body Keeps the Score.  Both are must reads for anyone who works in the addiction field.  I would like to share with you the line from In the Realm of Hungry Ghosts that inspired me to write the post.

“The prevention of substance abuse needs to begin in the crib – and even before then, in the social recognition that nothing is more important for the future of our culture than the way children develop.” P. 443

What is missing in almost all current talk about prevention is that, unfortunately, for all the people already addicted or prone to addiction, it is potentially too late.  Why do people become addicts?  Trust me in that no one wants to be an addict when they grow up or enjoys addiction.  Maybe, in the beginning, they liked the effect of the drug, but that quickly wears off.  What many addicts like is the escape.  The ability to take a substance that makes them not feel feelings they don’t like or can’t handle.  They like the fact that when they are taking the substance, they don’t have to sit in reality.  They like that the drug makes their flashbacks go away.  They like the fact that many drugs make them forget for a period of time.

In 13 years, I have yet to meet a drug addict who, at some point in their life, and most likely in childhood, did not suffer from at least one form of abuse or neglect.  Many drug addicts and alcoholics (gamblers and sex addicts too) endured verbal, physical and/or sexual abuse by their parents or family members growing up.  Many endured neglect in childhood as well, whether that was physical or emotional.  Many addicts were bullied in school and had no one safe at home to talk to about their experiences.  These childhood experiences mean that often, they looked for ways to self soothe, ways to cope or ways to feel better even if it was for a short period of time.

The ACE studies (Adverse Childhood Experiences) have shown scientific proof of what addiction counselors have known for years.  The more ACE events in a person’s life, the more likely they are to not only have physical issues but also mental health issues.  People with higher ACE scores are 2 to 4 times more likely to use alcohol or other drugs and to do so at an earlier age.  If a person’s ACE score is 5 or higher, they are 7 to 10 times more likely to use illegal drugs, report addiction or to inject illegal drugs.

So what do we do?  Addiction prevention starts before a child is born.  The in-utero environment of a child affects their neurobiological reaction to stress as an adult.  To stop drug addiction, we need to stop child abuse.  How do we do this?  Obviously, this is a tall order.  Make parenting classes more accessible to all expecting men and women.  Teach not only about physical care of a child but their mental health care as well.  Talk about attunement to a child and how that affects his or her ability to regulate emotion later in life.  Work to create safe spaces in a home and healthy attachment.  Teach communication skills from the start.  Teach healthy coping skills to even very young children.  Teach healthy coping skills to the adults so that they can model these for their children.  Work as hard as we can to prevent physical, sexual and emotional abuse of everyone.

I realize that my goals are idealistic.  I have always said that if the world gets healthy, I would happily change professions.

We need to start addiction prevention from the beginning by having discussions about childhood abuse, neglect and trauma.  We need to work to take away the stigma of therapy and getting help for emotional problems.  We need to teach everyone how to effectively communicate and cope.

I know that this is a tall order and that many do not have the resources to learn all these skills.  We need to work to provide these resources to everyone.  As a society, we need to do more……….

For more information on Dr. Weeks please go to our company website www.sexualaddictiontreatmentservices.com.

Photo credit.  The Watsons, NYC, NY.

The post Something’s Missing in the Current Drug Prevention Rhetoric first appeared on Dr. Jen's Recovery Readings.

I had another plan for my second blog post but was alerted to the publication of the 2011 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Mental Health findings by a client. I found this a timely publication to comment on as, in private practice, I am faced this week with trying to find a way to get a patient into residential care when his insurance company won’t cover the treatment that he really needs.

The National Survey on Drug Use and Health is a survey that the government conducts each year. This survey has been part of the federal government data collection since 1971. At present, the current study gathers data through face to face interviews and computer assisted personal interviewing.

This is a numbers and data heavy 130 page document. One might wonder what the practical implication is to knowing these numbers. As a clinician and advocate for mental health and addiction treatment, it informs me as to what problems people are dealing with. It also provides some insight into the reasons why people don’t seek treatment. As an advocate, this provides avenues for possible education and change to allow more people who need treatment, access to that treatment.

All of this information is taken directly from the study:

How many Americans are dealing with mental illness and how many Americans are getting treatment? The study breaks down mental health issues into several categories. First they look at Any Mental Illness. For a person to fit this category, they had to have a diagnosable mental, behavioral and emotional disorder as determined by the DSM-IV. The second category is Serious Mental Illness. In order to be categorized as a Serious Mental Illness, the person had to have a diagnosable DSM-IV illness that seriously impaired functioning. Additionally, when looking at mental illness, the survey also looked at suicidal behavior.

In 2011, 45.6 million American adults suffered from any mental illness. Of these adults, the highest percentages of adults were aged 18 to 25 years old and women were more likely to have any mental illness than men. Not surprisingly, any mental illness was higher among people who were unemployed. A finding that I found interesting given my work with those in the criminal justice system involved any mental illness among those on probation or parole. For those adults who were on probation, 39% had any mental illness in 2011 compared to 19.2 percent of those people not on probation. Those people who were on parole also had a higher incidence of any mental illness than those people not on parole (29.5% compared to 19.5%).

When one looks at Serious Mental Illness, there were approximately 11.5 million adults suffering from a serious mental health condition in 2011. This prevalence was highest among adults 18 to 25 and was also more prevalent in women than in men. Similarly to any mental illness, serious mental illness was more prevalent in those not employed.

In addition to looking at prevalence of illness, the study looked at who is using mental health services and in what fashion. As it turns out, in 2011, those persons aged 26 to 49 were the biggest consumers of mental health services. Women were also more likely to use mental health service than men. When it comes to insurance, 14.6 percent of adults with private health insurance used services while 13.1 percent with no health insurance also used services. People also most commonly used medication (11.5) with many less people (6.7%) using out patient services such as a therapist.

When the study looked at how outpatient services are being paid for an interesting result emerged. 37.9% of consumers used private insurance and 33.7% used self-payment. Medicare and Medicaid were the source of funding in much fewer cases, 15.2 and 11.9% respectively. This is an interesting finding in light of the public debates on funding mental health for Medicare and Medicaid users. Another interesting finding given recent health care debates revolves around unmet need for mental health services. The survey found that there were 10.8 million adult Americans who reported unmet needs for mental health services. The biggest reason cited for this unmet need was an inability to afford the cost of mental healthcare. An additional 16.2% did not know where to go for care. For those with insurance, 8.3% found that their health insurance did not cover enough care and 6.7% had health insurance that did not cover any treatment at all. This information has implications for public outreach and policy change.

One of the more interesting sections of the report for me, working in the addiction field, looks at the co-occurrence of mental illness and substance use. It is widely known that mental health issues and addiction go together frequently. The incidence of illicit drug use is 13.4% higher in adults with mental health issues than in adults without mental health issues. Those with mental health issues were also more likely to be heavy alcohol users as well. Another interesting finding is that 27.6% of adults were considered to be binge drinkers when their alcohol consumption was studied over a one month period.
The interaction between substance use disorders and mental health issues is profound. The survey found that 18.9 million adults qualified for a substance use disorder in the past year. 42.3% of these adults had a mental health issue. This statistic is highest for those aged 18-25 years old and is higher for men than for women. Therefore, when treating someone with a substance disorder, it is imperative that clinicians also be assessing any co-occurring mental health issues in order to best help our clients.

So, again, I come to what is the point of knowing this information? First, it is my hope that those in positions of power or authority in organizations that both fund and treat mental health and substance issues will take this information seriously. Approximately 19 million of the nearly 314 million residents of the United States struggle with addiction issues. These numbers also just represent the statistics for drug and alcohol addictions and do not take into account addiction issues such as gambling, food or sex addiction.

The post Drug Use and Mental Health in the United States first appeared on Dr. Jen's Recovery Readings.